Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? Essay -- social issues

Does a Violent Media create a Violent connection?This bit is one of constant debate, with no real solution. There are many things society as a whole and individuals can do to appease or inflame the issue, however separately argument has a return argument and a counter argument will exist for that and so on. Because it is an issue of such heated debate with no answer or accident of an answer should we just leave the issue be and choose not to address it further? Or should we make the issue widely known so society is much aware of the role the media can play. Or perhaps we should leave it to the media to publicise that. After all the media does take for a strong influence. take in the late 1980s film Terminator, one of the highest grossing films of the 80s. This means millions of lot worldwide have been to see it at the movies, and then most probably, rented it come on on video. Have these millions of people gone out and killed their arch enemies? I think not. However the fi le Terminator may have inspired, planted the idea, or conceptualised the seed of an idea in someones mind. And one or, possibly to a greater extent murders can be associated with the movie Terminator, a certain method of killing perhaps mimicked in a psychos rage. Yet isnt it more than likely that the ONLY aspect of the murder affected by Terminator and such films may have been just the technique used. I believe it is more than likely the killer/murderer/stalker would have performed his duties anyway. I s... Does a Violent Media create a Violent Society? Essay -- social issuesDoes a Violent Media create a Violent Society?This issue is one of constant debate, with no real solution. There are many things society as a whole and individuals can do to appease or inflame the issue, however each argument has a counter argument and a counter argument will exist for that and so on. Because it is an issue of such heated debate with no answer or possibility of an answer should we just leave the issue be and choose not to address it further? Or should we make the issue widely known so society is more aware of the role the media can play. Or perhaps we should leave it to the media to publicise that. After all the media does have a strong influence. Take the late 1980s film Terminator, one of the highest grossing films of the 80s. This means millions of people worldwide have been to see it at the movies, and then most probably, rented it out on video. Have these millions of people gone out and killed their arch enemies? I think not. However the file Terminator may have inspired, planted the idea, or conceptualised the seed of an idea in someones mind. And one or, possibly more murders can be associated with the movie Terminator, a certain method of killing perhaps mimicked in a psychos rage. Yet isnt it more than likely that the ONLY aspect of the murder affected by Terminator and such films may have been just the technique used. I believe it is more than l ikely the killer/murderer/stalker would have performed his duties anyway. I s...

Grasping for the Shadow of Identity :: essays research papers fc

Grasping for the Shadow of IdentityThere once lived a peaceful, ancient culture, single out from civilization, living in peace and harmony with its surroundings, grounded in deep faith springing from its religious leader, blooming like a rose in the majestic hills. In what seemed like only minutes, this nation I speak of suddenly became a communist, occupied country, with no identity of its own, with an outlawed flag and an exiled leader. This nation is Tibet. After much than 2,000 years of freedom, one day in 1959 changed this countrys identity. In 1959, Tibet was occupied by the Chinese, who claimed that Tibet had always rightfully belonged to them. Tibets national flag is at present outlawed, and its political and religious leader, the 14th Dalai Lama, is in exile in Dharamsala, India. Tibet is in disarray, and their culture and government now reflect that of the Chinese, though they are and have been make strong efforts to regain their freedom.Tibet has had a very ancient an d illustrious history prior to the Chinese takeover. The nation began in 1063 B.C. Five hundred years onward Buddha came into this world, a man named Lord Shenrab Miwo founded the Tibetan Bon religion. With this event, an empire named Shangshung ruled all of Tibet. This empire had eighteen kings before its decline. After the Shangsung Empire declined, a new landed estate called Bod came into existence. Bod is the current name of Tibet (Tibetan Studies). The Tibetan calendar places its origin in the year 127 B.C., when the kingdom was united under one ruler (King Nyatri Tsempo). This communication channel of kings continues for over 1,000 years, until King Lang Darma was assassinated in 842 A.D. This period of kings had three kings that really did good things for Tibet, and they were called the Three Great Kings (Tibetan Studies 21). The three kings were Gampo, Detson, and Ralpachen. Under Gampo (629-649), Tibet became a serious military machine power, and Gampo was a great suppo rter of Buddism, so this religion gained prominence in Tibet. King Detson was in power during the peak of the Tibet power (755-797). During his reign, Tibet seized the Chinese capital, and adopted the Indian form of Buddism, built the first monastery in Tibet, and declared Buddism the state religion in Tibet. During the reign of Ralplachen (815-836), Tibet continued as a military power and win many key victories, and reached a peace treaty with China (Tibet An Occupied Country).

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming First discovered at the turn of the century by the Swedish scientist Arrhenius, global warming was initially thought to only cause increased greenhouse gases from coal combustion emissions. It wasnt until fifty years later that the solid causes and effects of global warming would be discovered. A British scientist by the name of Calendar correlated the 10% increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide amidst 1850 and 1940 with the observed warming of northern Europe and North America, which began in the 1880s. As for the cause of global warming, scientists generally believe that both the combustion of fossil fuels and opposite human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Human activities such as the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas add together intemperately to global warming. Other major causes include deforestation, methane gas emissions, and the release of nitrous oxide chemicals into the atmosphere. The gasses ar e released primarily by rice cultivation, cattle and livestock populations, gas pipelines, and landfills. deforestation is a big problem as far as global warming because trees remove Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere, but release large quantities when burned. Methane gas emissions contribute because they are trapped in the earths atmosphere and reflect light, which is usually released in a clean, healthy atmosphere. The energy burned to run cars and trucks, instigate homes and businesses, and power factories is responsible for about eighty percent of societys carbon dioxide emissions, about twenty-five percent of U.S. methane emissions, and about twenty percent of global nitrous oxide emissions. The conclusion of global warming has been a care and concern ... ...problem will only garner with time. New and more efficient programs need to be developed as well as alternate methods of energy production because the methods now are not efficient enough to be able to cut pollution and lavishness by a significant amount. Possibly over time, such changes can be made and goals achieved so that we can live in a cleaner, better world.Works Cited Cowie, J. (1998). Climate and Human Change Disaster or Opportunity? New York Parthenon Publishing Fleagle, R.G. (1994) Global Environment Change Westport Praeger Publishing World all-inclusive Fund for Nature homepage. Articles written by WWF staff and AP (updated October 13, 1999 site visited October 13, 1999, (Http//www.Panda.org)United States Environmental Protection Agency homepage. Written by EPA staff updated April 21, 1998 visited October 12, 1999, (Http//www.epa.gov)

Weapons of the American Civil War Essays -- History Weapons Historical

Weapons of the American courtly WarAmongst the most lasting of factors stemming from the well-mannered War are the weapons that were developed. Before the Civil War, the weapons used were highly unreliable, and were not advanced enough to provide the needed defense for a young nation such as our own. Innovative minds created galore(postnominal) interesting ways to demolish their enemies without ever having to free a shot or go into full combat through different types of bombs that were in disguise. Among the advancements in the Civil War were the torpedo, the carbine rifle, the minie ball, several models of rifle-muskets, rocket launchers, rocket bombs, Greek Fire, and a wide array of other secret weapons. Torpedoes were quite possibly the most unhealthful weapons created in the Civil War times. There is a great number of models of torpedoes that come from the Civil War ranging all the way from models that were anchored to the ocean floor to afloat(p) torpedoes that hung b eneath driftwood and moved with the current. The first torpedoes from the south were simple powder filled tin cans with trigger attachments. The torpedoes were later developed to have a thin validation cap with a beeswax solution. If pressure was placed on the cap, then the torpedo would explode. The same structure was used in the development of landmines, the sub-terra booby traps as they were so affectionately named by the Union officers. Though in the early stages of development, these primitive looking war machines could destroy a fleet. The Carbine Rifle was a small, flaccid breechloading rifle. This abnormality made this rifle capable of firing much faster than its predecessors were able to. The Carbine was most effective when using the tactic of riding up, dismounting, and concentrating rapid carbine fire on the enemy. The Carbine rifles developed from single-shot Burnside models, named after Ambrose E. Burnside, into repeating rifles dubbed Henrys. Three French ar my officers would share the credit for the bullet that caused nearly ninety percent of the pass casualties in the Civil War. Captain Henri-Gustave Delvigne, Colonel Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin, and Captain Claude-Etienne Minie were the men which developed this masterpiece. This bullet was designed after discovering that when a standard bullet was put down the drumfish of a rifle and was pounded with the ramrod,... ... firing again. Since the gun could fire six hundred rounds of ammunition per minute, each barrel fired one hundred rounds per minute.Coehorn Mortars and Armstrong Rifles were used as projectile attack alternatives when a garrison needed a powerful blow to be delivered. The projectiles used in the Coehorn Mortars ranged form a weight of cardinal pounds, all the way up to 24 pounds. Named after Dutch engineer Baron van Coehorn, this mortar was a light seige weapon used in the main in trench warfare, and was carried by four men. The Armstrong Rifle, on the other hand was quite a large piece of equipment weighing over seven tons. The Civil War did very much for our nation, one key aspect of which was the development and advancement of our nations defense mechanisms. The United States advanced leaps and bounds in the development of red-hot weapons, and improvements on weapons that previously existed. This is merely a small display of all of the improvements the United States made during the Civil War a war of bloody conflict and spite. Without these weapons, the war may not have ended just as it did, and we would also not have the advanced weapons systems that we have today.

The Golden Greek :: Running Yiannis Kouros Papers

The Golden classic One April morning Spring became intoxicated She is intoxicated and is singing and is dancing madly She has fit intoxicated by her joy, by her flowers the bee hive too has buzzed, oh this spring intoxication. One afternoon in April, you fell in screw, oh heart You fell in love and you are weeping, youre ashamed but dont admit it You became intoxicated by the moon and your intoxication does not subside, you became intoxicated by the nightingales by the sweet swallows, One even in April I will turn into a night bird so that I can see your shadow and all your carryings on. So that I can become intoxicated with you and discover your soul so that I can remember your gaze and the taste of your kisses.-y kourosTheres the world class, the elite, then theres Yiannis. Trishul ChernsFor those of you out there who know who Yiannis Kouros is, but cannot believe a normal person could do what he has done (so you call it endowment fund) open your eyes right now and ensure that Yiannis is a man who has overcome many things throughout his life and has learned from each of them, has made something good out of virtually nothing. He is just a man, he is not a Greek God, but he has done many great things which many of us cannot even hatch. The funny thing is that Yiannis couldnt comprehend them before he did them, either. Yiannis is a very special person who has a deep understanding of his own existence. That understanding is why he can depict as he does, as a Golden Greek gone Australian. Yiannis Kouros holds world records for 12, 24, and 48 hours, 6 days, and 1,000 miles. He is also the owner of many Greek and Australian records, along with the many course records he has set along his way. To state it this simply tells nothing of Yiannis himself. One can say, for lack of understanding, that it is pure talent that this man has. That each of his records was set by him with complete ease, as if he were exempt from experiences every runner goes thr ough in any ultra race. Yiannis on the face of it has talent, as do all of the world class ultra runners. It is what is in his mind that pulls him so far above that level.

The Golden Greek :: Running Yiannis Kouros Papers

The Golden Grecian One April morning Spring became intoxicated She is intoxicated and is singing and is dancing madly She has incur intoxicated by her joy, by her flowers the bee hive too has buzzed, oh this spring intoxication. One afternoon in April, you fell in heat, oh heart You fell in love and you are weeping, youre ashamed but dont admit it You became intoxicated by the moon and your intoxication does not subside, you became intoxicated by the nightingales by the sweet swallows, One evening in April I will turn into a night bird so that I can see your shadow and all your carryings on. So that I can become intoxicated with you and discover your soul so that I can remember your gaze and the taste of your kisses.-y kourosTheres the world class, the elite, then thithers Yiannis. Trishul ChernsFor those of you out there who know who Yiannis Kouros is, but cannot believe a normal person could do what he has done (so you call it giving) open your eyes right now and read that Yiannis is a man who has overcome many things throughout his life and has learned from each of them, has made something good out of virtually nothing. He is just a man, he is not a Greek God, but he has done many great things which many of us cannot even underwrite. The funny thing is that Yiannis couldnt comprehend them before he did them, either. Yiannis is a very special person who has a deep understanding of his own existence. That understanding is why he can ravel as he does, as a Golden Greek gone Australian. Yiannis Kouros holds world records for 12, 24, and 48 hours, 6 days, and 1,000 miles. He is also the owner of many Greek and Australian records, along with the many course records he has set along his way. To state it this simply tells nothing of Yiannis himself. One can say, for lack of understanding, that it is pure talent that this man has. That each of his records was set by him with complete ease, as if he were exempt from experiences every runner goes th rough in any ultra race. Yiannis patently has talent, as do all of the world class ultra runners. It is what is in his mind that pulls him so far above that level.

Iago – character study

Iago is the villainous acknowledgment of Othello and it is his behaviour that ultimately bestows to the downfall of Othello himself, the tragical hero. Iago is duplicitous to all the characters he is a source of friendship, honesty and knowledge, just in soliloquis he reveals his real self to the audience. It becomes apparent that his machinations are fuelled by fussiness and a desire for revenge, and he carries them out with an aura of self-belief and resoluteness.What makes Iago so different from the others is that he is calculating while Othello operates and hindsight and naivety, Iago is much more perceptive and physical exercises foresight. Although on the outdoor Iago projects an image of practicality, rationality and self-confidence, it emerges that his behaviour stems from distraught feelings and feelings of inferiority. Iagos thoughts and attitudes are clear from the beginning of the play, and they are what drive him on into exerciseing down Othello. He calls virtue a fig and tries to persuade Roderigo that there is little point in being moral.His first word of the play, in Act I Scene I, of SBlood is an indication of the kind of homophile Iago is. This violent swear is fitting for the rough soldier, however it veils the cunning and cleverness which he possesses. Further proof of his cruel nature is exposed when he is in dialogue with Roderigo, saying Drown cats and blind puppies It is also during this scene that Iago reveals the dominant reason behind his loathing of the Moor, which is that Cassio, who Iago describes as a bookish theoric has been chosen oer him as the new lieutenant.He is angered at the detail that Cassios many paper qualifications diminish his extensive field experience, and so divulges to Roderigo that he in fact does not serve Othello, but instead serves himself. This is summed up with his line I am not what I am. While it seems to the other characters, and indeed to Othello himself, that Iago is devoted to The Moor, truly he is engineering Othellos demise. Also, in this and other scenes of the play, a racist element to Iago, and another reason of his hatred of Othello, is evident.This is illustrated by his crude line to Brabantio (Desdemonas Father) of An old dusky ram is tupping your white ewe. The black ram meaning Othello, and the white ewe referring to Desdemona. Iagos view that he is inferior seems to switch been established due to the fact that Othello, who is black, holds a higher graded position than himself. Another of Iagos thoughts is visible by his constant use of the words Fill thy purse and put money in thy purse during his speech to Roderigo in Act I Scene 3. This suggests that Iago believes a life full of money and material possessions is that path to happiness.He reinforces this when speaking with Othello, stressing the importance of disclose and reputation by stating, Good name in man and women, dear my lord, is the immediate jewel of their souls. He seems to have no des ire for love, and treats women with disrespect, calling his own wife, albeit jokingly, a common prostitute. However, women, the audience is lead to believe, are the basis of further motivation for Iago to destroy Othello, as during one of his soliloquis he says he will not be satisfied, Till I am evened with him Othello wife for wifeThere are two distinct sides to Iagos behaviour throughout the first three acts of the play. Publicly, Iago is a friend to all. To Othello he is the trusted ancient and to Roderigo a counsellor and friend. Many of the characters refer to him as Honest Iago and when Othello arrives at the scene after Cassios drunken episode, it is Iago he trusts to tell him the truth about what happened. All this however, is and a faiade to the real Iago. Only alone, and partially when Roderigo is gravel, does he begin to act as his real self.During these times he openly mocks the Moor and Cassio, and make denigrating comments about women. It is during these rare momen ts of privacy that he reveals his plans for Othello, and the motives behind them. Firstly, A classic example of a trademark Iago scheme takes place in the first scene. acting upon emotion and anger, Iago devises a well thought out plan, and with trusty sidekick Roderigo, proceeds to Brabantios home. There, he drops his defences and to a degree, the real Iago comes alive. They break to Brabantio the news of his daughters secret marriage ceremony to Othello, and he is enraged, as Iago knew he would be.However, using forethought and perception that Iago seems to be the only character in the play to be blessed with he departs conspicuously early in order to go to Othello and warn him that Brabantio is after him, and so keep intact the alternate part of his character, the Honest Iago. In this, like so many of Iagos other ploys he has initiated the action because of his twisted deep hatred of the Moor and own self-serving nature, but it is Roderigo, who Iago has exploited, who deliver s. In addition to Iagos exploits in Venice, he too drives the action once everyone arrives in Cyprus.Not surprisingly, the success of his plan hinges upon the capability of Roderigo, whom Iago has convinced that if the Moor is eliminated, he will have another kick downstairs with Desdemona, who Roderigo is totally in love with. Roderigo however is not the only one who has allowed themselves to be manipulated by Iagos eloquence. Cassio too, falls under his spell when he is convinced to have just one more drink. Iagos ability to persuade and cajole in his subtle, general, almost casual way is one of his most consequential traits, which he uses to destroy effect on Othello, and leads him in to believing Desdemona is having an affair.A crucial part in every one of his plans is his own confidence. He carries out his actions with aplomb and when present he is a commanding figure, dominating the stage and speaking with powerful assurance, much like Othello in the first act, when Braban tio insults him and accuses him of witchcraft. To the audience, Iagos behaviour qualifies him as the villainous character of the play, and his immoral nature is plain to see. He takes advantage of Othellos trust, and preys on each of the main characters weaknesses in turn, out of spite and self-interest.He claims, however he doing this for reasoned reasons, and through soliloquies begins to break down the barrier between himself and the audience by exposing his inner thoughts, in an attempt to provoke pathos and justify his actions. In addition, Iagos panache of language plays an important role in establishing his character. He has a unique way of speaking, and when he does, it seems he holds the attention of everyone on stage. His speech is so important to the development of the plot in fact, that large parts of scenes are devoted entirely to him in soliloquis. passim the first three acts of the play he speaks with the extreme confidence in himself, and he has the ability to ins pire similar confidence in others, or he can use his eloquence to push others, albeit gently, into a state of angst and worry. Firstly, one of the dominant features of Iagos speech is his constant use of hypocrisy. For example, at the opening of Act I Scene 2 Iago tells Othello how Roderigo spoke such wretched and provoking terms against your honour when really, as the audience knows, it is Iago himself who so often insults the Moor behind his back.Irony, on the other hand, is not used by Iago himself, but it is present when the others characters of the play refer to him as Honest Iago, when really, this could not be further from the truth, as Iagos whole surface demeanour of respectability and friendship is a lie. A number of Iagos speech techniques become evident in Act 1 Scene 3, as he counsels the downcast Roderigo, who has been rejected by Desdemona. Throughout his speech, Iago uses a series of imperatives, preying on Roderigos weakness of needing to be led. He orders Roderi go, Come, be a man and Put money in thy purse. The latter of these two phrases is repeated some(prenominal) times by Iago, as he attempts to instil in Roderigo his own idea that happiness stems from material wealth. Not only is Iago able to speak intelligently and with style, he occasionally lapses into the speech of a hard soldier, being sexist and racist, and playing on Roderigos pride and virility. Unlike other characters in the play, Iago is an orator, and is able to use a delicate balance of emotion and reason in his words and, which he pulls of with absolute self-confidence, often with his style driving the argument over substance.His ability to persuade lies also in the fact that he is never absolutely specific, often speaking in a speculative, indirect style, or using doubtful metaphors or rhetorical questions. He demonstrates his ability to manipulate and toy with people on two important occasions the first is when he convinces Roderigo to aid him to bring about the downf all of Othello, and the second is later in the play, at Act 3 Scene 3, when he insinuates to Othello that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair.It is Iagos language that shapes the play and drives the plot of the novel, as he is involved with every strand of it. He has a dominating presence and uses his eloquence to possess influence over every character, from the lowest citizen, to the highest-ranking official. In conclusion, over the first three acts of the play Iagos character is firmly established and his purpose and motives exposed to the audience. Whilst he keeps up a faiade of honesty and trustworthiness in public, in private he confesses to being immoral and self-serving.He is unique in that he is able to befriend all, and use a blend of emotion and rational calculation to achieve his goals, and simultaneously ruin others lives and careers. He does this without remorse and is propelled seemingly by his own unwavering self-belief, however if also becomes apparent that he is constantly at battle with his own feelings of inferiority, which he smothers by bringing down the lives of others and making them suffer, in the same way that he feels he has had to.

Reseach on Performance Work Systems in Local Councils the Case of Harare City Council in Zimbabwe Essay

1.0 IntroductionThis chapter forms the basis of the study on the assessment on the role of high motion work systems have on capital of Zimbabwe city council workers for effective and efficiency receipts delivery. This paper is going to provide a background of the study stating the problem, propose and magnificence of the study. To add to the above, the objective, anticipated constraints and query questions, including literature review and research methodology are going to be highlighted. 1.1 Background of the studyPerformance has been a widely researched subject by nearly social scientist and industrial psychologist in an attempt to establish what motivates quite a little to do what they do, and why they do it. An organisational military operation has al slipway been an issue for managers, as it is believed that meet workers ladder to be to a greater extent productive, creative and committed to their jobs. There is in that locationfore need to establish whether high perfo rmance work systems are what bring satisfactory performance or there are different factors. High performance work systems is a complex and multifaceted concept, which set up mean different things to different people. However, the police detective in this study attemptedto establish the role of high performance systems, whether it brings positive or electronegative results with particular attention at Harare metropolis Council. 1.2 Statement of the problemThe dilemma at hand is that the Harare city council workers are said to be hindering the performance circles of which are of particular ingathering to affect the residents. The council provide services to the residents which are non championful but only distract them from developing their communities in the proper manner they desire. This is happening imputable to the failure by the council to carry out good research on its performance since today employees are expected to work in teams rather than alone on their own. They ar e expected to keep learning new skills and to assume broader roles through the employment security, selective hiring of new somebodynel, self-managed teams and decentralization of decision making as the basic principles of organizational design, comparatively high compensation contingent on organizational performance, extensive training, reduced status distinctions and barriers including dress, language office arrangements, and wage differences crosswise take aims, extensive sharing of financial and performance information throughout the organisation.1.3 Objectives of the study1 To investigate and establish the role of high performance work systems in relation to organisational performance as this affects the service delivery. 2 To establish what causes poor performance and service delivery in the organisation. 3 To stupefy out ways of maintaining and improving staff loyalty, motivation and performance. 4 To recommend on changes to improve council performance and staff welfare pol icy. 1.4 Significance of the studyAs a researcher it is of paramount importance to conduct a study on the role of high performance work systems by the topical anesthetic authority. One can intimately notice that it is important to carry out this research as it The research findings of this research were also intended to assist management in addressing concerns and expectations of staff in order to harness their full contribution and effort to the benefit of the organization. The organizationwould then use the research findings to redesign its mankind resources policies towards the workers welfare and provide the answers to the questions presented on the sub problems of the research problem. Employees could use the research as a platform to express their concerns and desires to management, which they would not probably tick, and also use it as a computer address point to those who would intend to do their own researches. 1.5 Literature reviewReview of related to literature is the most important part of research. It refers to the overbearing exploration of issues related to the ones research which has been tough to date by various authors and authorities. gibe to the high performance work systems Assessment, by social impacts we mean the consequences to human populations of any public or private actions that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organise to meet their needs and generally love as members of society. The concept of high performance work systems and organisational performanceHigh performance work systems have been defined as a distinctive managerial approach that enables high performance through people. (1987).High performance work systems are somewhat not quite the same as motivation, but the dickens are closely linked. many thoughts and views have been developed to define performance at work but much of it explains ones reaction, feelings and emotions towards the accomplishment of organisational goal s. Many research studies were however founded to explain how people react in the manner they do in their jobs. Various factors have been associated with ones performance. These factors accommodate * The level of pay and benefits,* The perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, * The quality of the working conditions,* Leadership and social relationships* The job itself.Different models were developed to compute for the attitudes that people develop at various situations. The hobby models of job satisfaction shall be discussed to aid the understanding of high performance work systemsat work. stainless theories of Maslow (1943), Herzberg (1968) and Vroom in relation to high performance work systems have been the basis of the modern day studies. Abram Maslow proposed a hierarchical thinkable action of five needs, which gained popularity everywhere the years and formed a basis for management studies to human motivation at work. Having been simplified by Clayton Alderfer made a fine-tuning to the hierarchical explanations of human needs to that of iii levels. Abbreviated to ERG, (Existence, Relatedness and Growth), Existence needs constituted Maslows physiological and safety needs, and Relatedness included internal esteem and social needs and lastly, the Growth portray was made up of self actualisation and external esteem needs.The Wikipedia encyclopaedia cited various models of which can help to explain high performance work systems that were indite to by different authors as follows * The two-factor theory* The job characteristics model* The fulfilment theory* The equity theoryThese models shall be discussed below to aid the research to find the basis of high performance work systems in the workplace.Theories of Employee Motivation for performanceThe two-factor theoryThis theory also known as the motivator-hygiene theory is the work of Fredrick Herzberg (1968). The theory is on the premise that employee satisfaction has two dimensions namely hygiene and motivation. (Agarwal.1983). harmonize to Herzberg, Hygiene factors include those aspects much(prenominal) as company policies, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations and working conditions. Motivators include those aspects that satisfy people such as achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility and advancement. The model was criticised by researchers who failed to empirically measure of satisfaction as cosmos a methodological artefact. (Wikipedia encyclopaedia).High performance work systems characteristics ModelThe model was proposed by Hackman and Oldham (1976), which states that there are five core job characteristics, which impact three vital psychologicalstates. The five core job characteristics include* Skill variety employees use a variety of skills to complete their jobs, skills that have been acquired by broad years of study and/ or experience and are the primary reason for their employment and work allocation in a business organisat ion * depute identity involvement of the employee in all steps of the job, thus providing identification with the task. * Task significance The significance of the job being properly executed to the salubrious being of the organisation. * Autonomy The freedom to do the job with responsibility and by oneself. * Feedback The provision of feedback providing information about the excellence of performance of the job. The three psychological states include* Experienced meaningfulness,* Experienced responsibility for outcomes, and* Knowledge of the actual results.The Fulfilment theoryAccording to Agarwal (1983), fulfilment theory regard satisfaction as resulting from outcomes (rewards) a person receives or the extents to which a persons needs are satisfied. The difficulty with the fulfilment approach is that satisfaction is a function of not only what a person receives but also what he feels he should receive and/or wants to receive. People have different expectations and what satisfies one may dissatisfy another. Equity surmisalAccording to literature by Agarwal (1983), a persons satisfaction is determined by his perceived equity. Received equity is, in turn, determined by his input-output balance as compared to his parity others input-output balance. Input-output balance is a perceived ratio of what a person receives from his job relative to what he put in the job. According to the equity theory, either under reward or over reward can lead to dissatisfaction although the feeling associated with them are different. As illustrated by the following plat the comparison may result in one feeling unfairly treated when outcome received appears lower than others or feels guilty when received more than others. The equity theoryAPerceived outcomes actually receivedA = BgratificationA BDissatisfactionA BGuilty and annoyancePerceived personal inputBPerceived personal outcome that should be receivedPerceived outcome of comparison othersPerceived input of comparison othe rsFig 1.Equity possible action (Agarwal 1983)Determinants of high performance work systemsAgarwal (1983) says that there are various factors that determine performance. These are discussed below.Employee SupervisionAs with Herzberg hygiene factors, supervision is critical to provide leadership to employees performance. A good leader is one who establishes trust from his followers and promotes feedback. He knows how to treat employees at different situations. Research has shown that low performance and low productivity occurs when a supervisor is a laissez faire type of leader. Agarwal (1983). Research has also discovered that those peoples reason to take tok employment is to get paid (money) though not a motivator but they desire to be paid fairly. Management must always ensure consult for salaries and benefits to see whether their employees match the market. (Putting Theory Into Practice, October 1999 publication)The work group in relation to employee performanceEmployees need to socialise with others to create an environment of belongingness, develop a sense of chumminess and teamwork. Social interaction creates organisational performance though depending on their affiliation. Inappropriate behaviour should not be encouraged though because of influences, but strong reprimands should be exercised. (Putting Theory Into Practice, October 1999 publication) line of credit content in relation to high performance work systems Employees need to feel that the work or task they are doing is of great importance to the company. Their contributions result in positive outcomes. It is therefore essential for management to recognise as an important a task to the overall achievement of the organizational goals. Agarwal cited Herzberg, Mauner and Suyderman as holding a view that job content factors such as achievement, recognition, advancement, responsibility and the work itself tend to provide satisfaction but their absence such as supervision, working condition, company policies and salary tend to produce dissatisfaction but their presence does not produce satisfaction.Age in relation to performanceAccording to Agarwal (1983), some research works have reported a positive correlation between age and performance. Older workers tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than their younger counterparts because older workers are said to have adjusted to their jobs while young workers still have ambitions and need for advancement. Job Satisfaction and performanceThe abbreviation of results from the work of Herzberg et al, on twenty-six studies focusing on the relationship between job satisfaction and performance, fourteen of these showed that workers with positive job attitudes had higher performance than those with negative attitudes. Nine studies have shown that job attitudes and performance were not related, and in three studies, workers with positive attitudes had poorer performance records than those with negative attitudes. Lawler, 1977 and Porter, 1961, hold the view that it is productivity that leads to satisfaction and not the vice versa. Performance leads to rewards and if these rewards are consideredto be equitable in relation to the perception of the worker of the rewards of his referent others and his perceptions of what he should receive, he will experience satisfaction. The following is the illustrative diagram. Model of performance leading to satisfactionPerceived equity of rewards in relation to referent othersPerformanceReward intrinsic & extrinsicSatisfactionPerception of how much he should receiveFig 2.Source Agarwal 1983 Model of performance leading to satisfaction Adapted from Lawler III & Porter The effect of Performance on job satisfaction, human relations, October, 1967 P23 1.5 Justification of the studyThe area of discussion is worth studying because it aims at alerting the management of the Harare City Council how their service provision are being hindered by the employee performance, thus organisational performance is affected as well. As such the research is vital as it will help in gathering or adding information on the importance of high performance work systems being as well as its importance to the Ministry of local government urban and rural development. The Minister will be able to see if there are any amendments which need to be through and if there are any gaps left which need to be filled. Furthermore the research will see the researcher attain the ultimate goal for a knight bachelor of science Honours degree in Local Governance Studies 1.6 Research MethodologyVarious techniques will be exploited to achieve the proposed objectives of the study. Haralambos (199536) asserts thatAny faculty member subject requires methodology to reach itsConclusions, it must have ways of producing and analysingData so that theories can be tested, accepted or rejectedwithout a systematic way of producing knowledge thefindings can be dismissed.The researcher is going to use both quantitative and qualitative techniques to come up with conclusions as both techniques can be used to complement each other as well as questionnaires. According to wordiq.com (2011), quantitative research is the numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observations reflect. It is bent on developing and employing mathematical models. On the other hand, Qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in any different disciplines. It convey a non numerical data collection or explanation based on the attributes of the source of data. Qualitative research is used to gain insight into peoples behaviour, attitudes, value systems, motivations concerns, aspirations, culture or lifestyles. Christensen (1994) expressed that a take in makes a better study. Leedy (1993) agreed with the same idea saying that, the larger the sample the better. I will select the people that are going to give relevant information t o this study for example the most affected people and the possible problem solvers. 1.7 Research Tools(a) Interviews (GroupThe researcher intends to use interviews as a research technique. Gray et al (2007) allude that the best data gathering technique for observe research is the interview. These interviews will be done in groups so as to save time.(b) ObservationThe researcher will use observation in tackling the research problem. The rationale for using this technique is that the researcher intends to learn about the sensitive issues that participants might be unwilling to disclose or talk about with regards to the research. (c) compend of secondary sourcesThe researcher will make use of other researchers that have been studied in relation to the field under study. This will be done in order to weigh the impacts that the previous researchers have had. Target PopulationThe study will be focussing on the Harare City Council employees. pass judgment constrainsWikipedia (20114) not es that any limit or restriction given for the design process is called a constraint. The study is likely to encounter a number of challenges which may via media the quality of research results and these include (a)Access to informationThe information is mostly confidential in the Harare City Council thus releasing information might be problematic. Some may be reluctant to disclose such information as such the respondents will be guaranteed that their information will be treated with utmost privacy and confidentiality. (b)ResourcesResources such as time and finance may compromise the quality of the research as the researcher is a student with other university commitmentsRESEARCH REFERENCE LISTArgawal R.D.(1983) Organisation and Management, Mcgraw-Hill, Tata Boxall P., Macky K. & Rasmussen E., (2003)Labour turnover and retention in New Zealand the causes and consequences of leaving and staying with employers Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. Vol 41 (2)., Cascio, W.F. (2003) M anaging Human Resources Productivity, quality of work Life profits (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.French, W.L. (1998) Human Resources Management. Boston, New York Houghton Mifflin CompanyIvancevich et al (1989)Foundations of Personnel ,Human Resources Management Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2001) Organisational behaviour (5th ed.). Irwin McGraw-Hill.Milkovich, G.T., & Boudreau, J.W. (1994) Human Resource Management (7th ed.). IRWIN Publishers, USA.Morrell W. H., Loan-Clarke J. & Wilkinson J (2004), Organisational change and employee turnover, Personnel Review, vol 33 (2) Morris W.T. (1972). Management for Action Psycho Technical Decision making. Reston. Mowday, R., Porter, L., & Steers, R. (1982) Employee-organizationslinkages The Psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover Academic Press, .LondonRhodes, S.R., & Steers, R.M. (1990)., Managing employee absenteeism Addison Wesley Publishing Company, USASpector, P.E. (1997)., Job satisfaction Application, assessment, causes and C onsequences SAGE Publications, USAVan der Merwe, R., & Miller, S.(1988),. Measuring absence and labour turnover A Practical guide to recording and control. Lexicon Publishers., J

Native Americans in the United States and Patrick J. Buchanan Essay

In the introduction, Patrick J. Buchanan notes that world-beater Elizabeth II went to the settlement of Jamestown in 2007, the towns 400th anniversary. The Queen had been there before, when Jamestown was founded and again in 1957. Buchanan uses the Queens visit to Jamestown as a firsthand experience of how much has changed in Jamestown since its founding. He quotes the Queen, Since I visited Jamestown in 1957, my country has become a much more diverse society just as the Commonwealth of Virginia and the whole of the United States of America have also undergone a major social change. Buchanan mentions how different not only Jamestown was 400 years ago but also how different her citizens were. For example, the citizens massacred Native Americans and enslaved Africans. Jamestown was not yet construct around the ideas of democracy and equality. The American Revolution was another key example it was fought for freedom and distance from Britain and not for equality. The only persons of power at the time were loaded white men. Buchanan makes the point that America 400 years ago was not based around democracy, equality and diversity, so why should we value that in the turn in?In 1957 the Queen visited Jamestown, Virginia. The changes noted by the Queen were extreme. Virginia has indeed become a radically changed society. No longer does Richmond proudly call herself the dandy of the Confederacy. Lee-Jackson Day is out. Martin Luther King Day is in. The Confederate flag flies nowhere. This demonstrates how much can change in 350 years. Buchanan believes that 2007 Virginia is ashamed of 1957 Virginia, and the state should be proud of who she was in 1607.America in 1607 was did not celebrate diversity or multicultural beliefs, so why should they now? Buchanan describes early American settlers as having an us-or-them sentiment. For example, the early settlers intellection that their Christian faith made them superior beings and those who opposed them were inferior. Another point that Buchanan makes is when other culture such as Native American, African, or Spanish cultures were introduced to Americans they were not only rejected, but fought against in a violent manner.In 2007 Virginia culture and diversity is not only welcomed, but celebrated. Buchanan believes that this is not what the Founding Fathers of America had in mind during the creation of our country. In his concluding thoughts, Buchanan remarks that America is a changing nation especially in the areas of diversity, democracy and equality. No longer is religion taught in schools, and with it dies the beliefs that founded this nation.

Love Can Change the World Essay

sack out can change the world. Not the romantic, head-over-heels kind of do it, but selfless love. Selfless love is giving of yourself, your time, and your resources for the benefit of others. It is caring about others step of life and helping those in need. Changing the world ordain non happen by introducing concourse to a formula or giving them ten steps to make their lives better, but by showing them our love. What makes us human is our capacity to love. Love is that quality that erases prejudice and moves us to forgive, gives us peace of mind in a turbulent world, and keeps us sane.This kind of love starts with having compassion. When we live selfishly we have no concern for anyone else. All we care about is pleasing ourselves, and people around us often get hurt. Eventually we start using people and stepping on their toes because it makes us feel better or it advances us in our career or our popularity. We see no problem with using others because it benefits us and we do n ot even think about how they might feel. We do not care about those who suffer those who starve to death, or the people who are dying because they cannot go see a doctor.We do not think about others because we are too consumed with our own lives, because we have no love for anyone but us. What are the results of being so self-centered? India is the largest democratic country in the world, yet people suffer from depression, pain, and false relationships. People are confused because they can have anything and constantlyything they ever wanted. They work their whole lives to please themselves, but they cannot figure out why that does not satisfy them. People are still left empty and tone for something else.We rarely stop to consider what we could do to make our world a better place. If we tried, we might Just be blessed beyond imagination, and those who suffer would be taken care of. We have to take our eyes off ourselves o see the needs of others and to allow ourselves to feel comp assion for them. We must have love. When we love, we will want to reach out to others, build relationships, and make a difference in the world around us. Love can move mountains. It can charge up the foundation on which people live.Love can work miracles in the hearts of those who receive it, and we have the power to give it. Love sees broken souls and heals them. Love hears plaintive cries and answers. Love discerns a need and fulfills it. Love does not see color, race or features love sees people. Just think what we can accomplish if everyone love unselfishly? Some quantify, because f our experiences in life, we forget how to love but we should always remember that without love we lose the most important part of us.Without each individuals love, the world is poorer and our hearts become, Just an ice box. The power of love knows no boundaries, no walls. Love does not ask for anything in return. It is at times a self-sacrificing gift but it is given freely. For when we give love a nd see the difference that one act of love can make, the feeling is priceless, indescribable. And in that one moment, we get a glimpse of the power contained in each of us, the the power of our love working in unison, the power to change the world.

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro Regardless of the setting and the time, maturity and development be key processes that reshape individuals book of facts. Although on the surface, Hayao Miyazakis film, Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh have nothing in common based on their different historical and geographical settings, they are tied together by the genre called Bildungsroman. A genre that focuses on the psychological and moral take onth of the friend from youth to adulthood, similarly known as a coming of historic period novel.The film, Spirited Away, is about Chihiro, a young girl who is taken down an odd road by her parents while go to a new home in an unfamiliar town. Their curiosity leads them into what attends to be an aband onenessd amusement park. As they explore, they write out across an unattended food stand and the parents help themselves l taker as the sun sets, they are transformed into pigs by some sort of sorcery. Chihiro is left in a ll to figure out how to free her parents and escape this unknown world. Thankfully, she influences companionship in a boy named Haku who guides her by means of the obstacles she has to face along the way.The Epic of Gilgamesh begins in a similar manner as Gilgamesh, the queen regnant of Uruk appears to be an unfit leader for his city. As the city continues to resent their leader, the gods of Uruk decide to create Enkidu, a companion and digression for Gilgamesh. Immediately after their friendship begins, Gilgameshs selfish character is transformed into one of a more giving and gracious leader. These personal transformations interconnect the two stories that appear to be unrelated at showtime inspect. The most essential similarity between The Epic of Gilgamesh and Spirited away is the companionship they find which begins their transformation.Without their companions, neither Chihiro nor Gilgamesh would be able to overcome their obstacles and develop into stronger characters. As the abandoned amusement park turns into a timbre world upon nightfall, Chihiro meets a young boy named Haku. Having been in her organize previously, he instructs her on what to do in edict to survive within this world and eventually keep open her parents. He guides her to the bathhouse for the millions of Shinto Gods that inhabit this spirit world. Following Hakus instructions enables her to find Yubaba who can give her the job she entrust need to stay live and function. Through her stay there, she discovers that Haku is actually a genus Draco under the employ of the evil witch Yubaba, who provided her with a job as wholesome. She is able to free him along with herself as she realizes that Haku is actually a river spirit she drop into as a child. Haku responds with excitement after she tells him, You did it, Chihiro I remember I was the spirit of the Kahaku River (Miyazaki). She not only liberates him at this moment, merely she completes her process of adulthood and purpo se a way home for herself.Chihiro began her journey through the spirit world simply looking for a way out, yet she was able to accomplish a lot more. None of it being possible without her guide, Haku. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh finds a similar friendship within his wild equal, Enkidu. Enkidus companionship is essential in night club for Gilgameshs character to develop. Enkidus greatest effect on Gilgameshs nature occurs upon his death. Until the death of his only friend, Gilgamesh thought of himself as invincible and im deathly. With Enkidus demise, Gilgamesh falls into a state of misery and realizes what he mustiness do.He states, How can I keep silent, how can I stay quiet? My friend, whom I loved, has turned to clay. Shall I not be like him, and also lie down, never to rise again, through all eternity (Epic of Gilgamesh 78)? Witnessing his friend die made Gilgamesh realize his worry of death and he therefore sets on a journey to find Uta-napishti, who has discovered t he secret to immortality. Instead of returning to his old selfish ways, he takes on a quest to defeat fate. in one case he reaches Uta-napishti, he is presented with a plant which grants youth upon the owner, even though he fails the test of staying awake for a week.On his journey home however, a serpent retrieves the plant. Gilgamesh fails in his journey to defeat his fate, yet comes upon him a sense of humility and acceptance of his true destiny. He returns home to serve Uruk and its citizens. With the help of their companions, the main characters must overcome a series of obstacles before they can discover their full potential. In the beginning of the story, Chihiro is a spoiled child forced into the fantastic world. Chihiro becomes completely separated from everything she has known and must find her way back to reality.Her adult guidance is stripped away from her when her parents are turned into pigs after being covetous and eating plenty of food that did not belong to them. C hihiro is then forced to step up and save her own parents Im sorry my sister turned your parents into pigs, but theres nothing I can do. Its just the way things are. Youll have to help your parents and Haku by yourself (Miyazaki). Never having been cast such responsibility, Chihiro does a pretty solid job. In order to survive in the spirit world, Chihiro takes a job at the bath house run by Yubaba.There she performs hard tasks most kids her age would not be able to grasp. Chihiro taking a job is a first step into her reaching adulthood, as providing an income and hard work are big(p) up responsibilities. While she is working there, she faces some difficult challenges which the other workers could not handle. The first occurrence is when a creature in similar appearance to that of a stink god enters the bathhouse. The employees try to tell him to turn around, but when he ignores them and continues his way into the bathhouse, Chihiro is faced with the responsibility of cleaning him. The creature turns out to really be a River God polluted with garbage, and Chihiro is able to cure him by pulling out a bike and letting the other garbage spill out. shortly after, a spirit known as No-Face becomes a glutton, eating everything in the bathhouse. Chihiro saves the day again making him spit out all the creatures he ate and returning to his true form. Both times Chihiro was faced with challenges none of the other workers could handle. Both times, she was able to use her logic to fix the problems at hand. These obstacles forced Chihiro to grow up more quickly, as rise as let her realize her true potential.Gilgamesh must make his way through hurdles as hygienic in order to accomplish the effects of Chihiro. aft(prenominal) meeting Enkidu, he begins this transformation by destroying two beasts. The first is Humbaba, whom Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel to the forest of Cedar to destroy. After they succeeded, the goddesses Ishtar was impressed by Gilgamesh and offers him ma rriage. Knowing the history of her previous husbands, however, Gilgamesh refused. Angered at his refusal, Ishtar summoned a Bull to destroy Gilgamesh. He is able to overcome the bull, only cross the beginning of his metamorphosis.Soon after these events, his companion Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh takes on another mission. He goes on a journey to find the secret to immortality as he begins to strongly fear death after seeing what happened with his friend, Enkidu. He believes Uta-napishti, who lives on the other side of the world, holds the answers I thought, I will find Uta-napishti the Distant, of whom men tell and I wandered travel through every land. Many times I passed through terrible mountains, many times I crossed and recrossed all the oceans. (Epic of Gilgamesh 85)? Uta-napishti presents him with a plant that will bestow youth upon the owner.On his way home, however, a snake snatches the plant, leaving Gilgamesh disappointed as he realizes he will never seize what he has so l ong struggled for. It is this loss that helps him realize what he should do next, which is to reign as the best king he possibly can. While the obstacles Chihiro and Gilgamesh had to face in order to complete their transformation differed in nature, they helped them mature into adults and realize their potential. The last aspect of a transformation, and perhaps the most important is the realization gained through the difficult tasks one had to face.Characters in both Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh become more aware that the actions they take affect other people around them as well and therefore they should make decisions that benefit them and the surrounding communities. In the opening scene of Spirited Away, Chihiros main concern is losing the friends she is leaving behind by moving to a new home. When she enters the spirit world and her parents are turned into pigs, she has bigger problems to take care of first. Although she takes the job at the bathhouse to help herself and her parents, she ends up parsimony the bathhouse itself from destruction twice.Chihiro also helps her companion Haku as she remembers his name and is able to relieve him from the spirit world. Through her journey into adulthood, Chihiro learns to make decisions that benefit her, as well as others. Gilgamesh gains similar lessons in the Epic of Gilgamesh. After all the obstacles Gilgamesh overcame to gain the plant of youth, a snake simply snatched it away. Gilgamesh sat down and wept for the plant, but through his tears he finally grasped that his mistake was to fear death in the first place.Immortality is not meant for humans, and Gilgamesh then realized that instead of chasing it, he should return to his king duties just as Uta-napishti suggested Let him cast off his pelts, and the sea bear them off, let his body be soaked till fair Let a new kerchief be made for his head, let him wear royal robes, the dress fitting his dignity (The Epic of Gilgamesh 97). Gilgamesh returns to Uruk after accepting the fact he is mortal and he should be a great leader to his citizens. The text does not reveal what happens to Gilgamesh after he gets back to Uruk.However, based on his change of character throughout the epic, a judgment can be made on how he will rule as king. He has faced and accepted the gravelly reality that humans cannot have power over everything and completed his transformation. Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh seem completely unrelated at first glance due to their difference in historical and geographical setting. However, when looked at more closely, the main characters experience similar psychological and moral growth into adulthood. The transformations of both Chihiro and Gilgamesh first begin when they find companionship.Chihiro finds hers within a young boy named Haku, who guides her to survive within the spirit world. He points her to Yubaba, an evil witch who gives her a job at the bathhouse. While Chihiro is working there, she has to f ace the monsters that invade and pose a threat the bathhouse, a task the adult workers could not handle themselves. After overcoming these obstacles, she is able to save herself and her fellow companion Haku from the spirit world. Gilgamesh began his journey similarly as he was a selfish tyrant highly disliked by the public.When he meets his intrinsic equal, Enkidu, his life is forever changed. The two work together and become really close friends. At the peak of their friendship however, Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh embarks on a journey to find immortality. When his journey fails, he realizes that it is not in his power to have everlasting youth, but instead he has the capability to be a great king. He returns to his home city of Uruk transformed into a stronger leader. Both characters, Chihiro and Gilgamesh began their journeys as selfish and misguided individuals, but were able to reach their full potential in the end.

Final Paper on Managerial Accounting

On this sm entirely p gage of land in the middle of a bustling urban center called Bacolod, in the Negros Occidental province of the Philippines, lies home to the family of Jose and Teodula Tamera. Located on 79 Lacson Street, this place was especially home to one of their sons, Robin Tamera.After years of decadence in this little spot called home, Robin found himself working in Ontario, Canada. It was there that the inspiration to keep the propertys memories alive was sparked. He had a desire to keep this lot not only as a memorial keepsake for himself, siblings, and relatives, but first and foremost as a reminder of his pargonnts love and care.Robin Tameras concept was to well-defined a very humble place for all to stay in Bacolod City, whether they were local or foreign visitors. He wanted a hotel that incorporated and fitting all of the finest amenities that other places in the world could offer.In 2006, after years of investment and construction, Robins desire became a realit y after converting their property to a manage and breakfast place. The Tamera kernel Inn became not only a place to stay, but a memorial and tribute to the Tamera Family. The Inn offers overnight lodging and meals. It includes 1 Superior room, 8 De Luxe rooms , 6 standard double rooms, 5 standard single rooms, a function room, all air-conditioned with business TV services. The Tamera Plaza Inn has 30 full cartridge clip employees to date.Mean fourth dimension, the order faces very serious seasonal customer fluctuations. The average hail of tourists in Bacolod is 70,000 per year, absolute majority of which are during Summer and in October during the MassKara festival. The student lodging has some 2 % of these tourist choose them for accomodations. Although the place has no rental be and the expenses in the contsruction of the order has already been acquired, the inn has an opport unity to increase its profitiability.Below is the the woo allocation per yearFor the purpose of this paper, Activity-Based Costing will be habitd to analyze the inns profitability and to present a recommendation. In evade 1, Activities Analysis and Assignment of Activities to Products (lodging and dining) by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility personify traitd to activities are shown in columns (1)-(3) of table 2. Columns (4)-(11) present detail about how activities are allotted to from each one crossway by drivers. For example, the driver of the alter activity is the true cleaning time which is total 3061.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the two wares separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver bay window allocate PHP 46,611 to lodging and PHP 7,212 to dining.Finally, adding all the allocation activities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, lineal material costs, and outsource cos ts (laundry and transportation) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging and dining are PHP 340.67 and 71.31 per customer respectively for a year. The lodging and dining products of The Tamera Plaza Inn represent two market segments.After applying ABC to the The Tamera Plaza Inn look, the unit costs of each of the Inns products in two market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case will be useful to the owners for marketing strategy, purpose making and cost-volume-profit analysis.Table 1.In the second stage, all activities costs in the five activities centers are assigned to the three country inns products. Table 2 shows activities analysis and the assignment of activities to products by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility costs traced to activities are shown in the second to fourth column of table1 while fifth to tenth columns present detail about how activities are allotted to each product by drivers. For example, the driver of the cleaning activity is the cleaning time which is total 6810.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the three products separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours, 3749 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver can allocate NT$ 46,611 to lodging, NT$65,904 to hot mould use, and NT$7,212 to dining.Finally, adding all the allocation activities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, direct material costs, and outsource costs (laundry, hot spring water) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging, hot spring use and dining are NT$ 306.21, NT$31.64 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons. The lodging, hot spring use and dining prod ucts of this country inn represent three market segments. After applying ABC to the country inn case, the unit costs of each of the country inns products in three market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case is extremely useful to the inns owners (managers) for marketing, decision making and cost-volume-profit analysis.Table 1 Monthly Costs of ResourcesResource life time Replacement value Capital costs Cost per monthRent-a-land 30 700,000 Owners lands 30 150,000,000 13,324,092 1,110,341 Buildings 30 16,050,000 1,425,672 118,806 soulfulnessnel Number Total Costs Cost per monthFull time staffs 23 9,060,000 755,000 Part-time staffs 13 2,448,000 204,000 Managers 2 1,320,000 110,000is the general manager. Meanwhile, the inn faces very serious seasonal customer fluctuations. The average volume of customers for hot spring usecan come to a supreme of 58,048 persons monthly in the winter season and a reaches minimum of 18,311 persons in the summer season. In addition, this hot spring country inn bears a argillaceous space and land costs due to the high cost of buildings and land in Taipei. The monthly costs of rent, lands, buildings and labor are showed in table 1.This inn doesnt use any activity-based costing method in its report system except for the traditional one. Since activity-based costing can be very interlinking and time consuming, and even less in tourism industry, it is not widely applied in the manufacturing industries in Taiwan (Chen, 2001, p. 52). It is recognized that partial activity-based costing can be used to enhance rather than totally replace the accounting system when the company finds it too difficult to implement full-scale ABC-based accounting.Some companies also kvetch that the cost of ABCs administrative and technical complexity, and of continuously generating activity data, exceeds any benefits subsequently derived from it, so that they reject proposals to implement ABC to their companies. Neverthele ss, many firms until now find they have success in cost reduction, product pricing, customer profitability analysis and output decisions when they adopt ABC (Chenhall and Langfield-Smith, 1998 Clarke et al., 1999 Innes and Sinclair, 2000 Cotton et al., 2003).Our traditional accounting cost information was gathered from 1 November, 2003 to 30 December, 2003. The figures for customers volume were acquired from the mean of the number of customers in these two months. In order to obtain a to a greater extent accurate picture of Table 2Activities Analysis and Assigning Activity to Product Using Activity Drivers Resource Labor Materiall Total Quantities of Drivers Total Unit cost per Product cost Activity& Utility Cost Lodging Spring Dining quantity activity driver Lodging Hot-Spring Dining Cleaning 99,572 20,155 119,727 2,651.4 3,749 410.2 6810.6 17.58/hr 46,611 65,904 7,212(10.57%) (3.67%) (0.32%) Changing 1,455 607 2,062 960 0 0 960 2.15/hr 2,062 0 0 sheets(0.47%) (0%) (0%) Washing 32 ,225 22,196 54,421 830 1,832 188.6 2,851 19.09/hr 15,849 34,972 3,600(3.59%) (1.95%) (0.16%) Clear up 91,475 21,623 113,098 0 0 10,710 10,710 10.56/number 0 0 113,098(0%) (0%) (5.06%) witness on 5,454 2,276 7,730 450 0 0 450 17.17/number 7,730 0 0(1.75%) (0%) (0%) Ordering 54,451 1,994 56,445 0 0 11,203 11,203 5.04/number 0 0 56,445(0%) (0%) (2.52%) Carrying 75,220 2,754 77,974 0 0 103,754 103,754 0.75/number 0 0 77,974(0%) (0%) (3.49%) Re-supply 4,320 2,437 6,757 20 436 4 460 14.69/hr 294 6,404 59(0.07%) (0.35%) (0.00%) Cooking 297,968 58,945 356,913 0 0 2,010 2,010 177.57/hr 0 0 356,913(0%) (0%) (15.96%) Purchasing 73,886 605 74,491 18.5 24 198 240.5 309.73/hr 5,730 7,434 61,327(1.30%) (0.41%) (2.74%) Check in 263,806 90,647 354,453 232.47 1,891.67 692.5 2,816.64 125.84/hr 29,255 238,051 87,147 /out(6.64%) (13.26%) (3.90%) Admini- 36,608 1,049 37,657 210 779.2 102 1,091.2 34.51/space 7,247 26,890 3,520 strative(1.64%) (1.50%) (0.16%) Marketing 6,160 176 6,336 1,440 56,750 33,240 91,430 0.07/person 100 3,933 2,303(0.02%) (0.22%) (0.10%) Accounting 26,400 756 27,156 1,440 56,750 33,240 91,430 0.297/person 428 16,855 9,873(0.10%) (0.94%) (0.44%) Renting700,000 251.96 1,385.80 461.94 2,099.7 333.38/space 83,999 461,999 154,002(19.05%) (25.73%) (6.89%) Depreciation1,229,147 251.96 1,385.80 461.94 2,099.7 585.39/space 147,495 811,236 270,416(33.45%) (45.18%) (12.09%) Total 1,069,000 226,220 3,224,367*Total activity cost 346,800 1,673,678 1,203,889(78.65%) (93.21%) (53.83%)* whole activities in column (3) added Direct material cost 61,137 116,843 1,032,498(13.87%) (6.51%) (46.17%)Outsource laundry 33,000(7.48%)Hot-spring water5,049(0.28%)Total product cost 440,937 1,795,570 2,236,387Total customers 1,440 56,750 33,240Unit product cost 306.21 31.64 67.28Allocated resource costs, working sampling (Tsai, 1996) is used to opine the percentage of time spent on each of various activities for each staff member and manager. In this way an adjusted percentage of personne l time spent on each activity can be obtained. In the first stage, resources in this country inn are assigned to all activities in five activities centers by resource drivers.In the second stage, all activities costs in the five activities centers are assigned to the three country inns products. Table 2 shows activities analysis and the assignment of activities to products by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility costs traced to activities are shown in columns (1)-(3) of table 2. Columns (4)-(11) present detail about how activities are allotted to each product by drivers. For example, the driver of the cleaning activity is the true cleaning time which is total 6810.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the three products separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours, 3749 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver can allocate NT$ 46,611 to lodging, NT$65,904 to hot spring use, and NT$7,212 to dining.Finally, adding all the allocation act ivities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, direct material costs, and outsource costs (laundry, hot spring water) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging, hot spring use and dining are NT$ 306.21, NT$31.64 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons.The lodging, hot spring use and dining products of this country inn represent three market segments. After applying ABC to the country inn case, the unit costs of each of the country inns products in three market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case is extremely useful to the inns owners (managers) for marketing, decision making and cost-volume-profit analysis.TAMERA PLAZA INN Date Established March 2006 79 Lacson St., Bacolod City Tel No. 432-1708 Fax 709-0886 Manager Dina Serfi no E-mail emailprotected come apartification Economy Class No. of Rooms 20Rates Superior 1 1,500.00 Deluxe 8 1,300.00 Standard Double1,100.00 Standard Single900.00 Extra Matress250.00 Extra Person100.00 Last Updated September 11, 2013 Rates are subject to change without prior notice

Important qualities of a good supervisor (boss) Essay

Everyone wants to be a old geezer but there are only a hardly a(prenominal) people who can achieve this position and also get the title of a good boss. frankly speaking, it is difficult to describe the most crucial qualities of being boss. Different people may have antithetic reasons for their different criteria of an ideal boss. However, I will do my best, to describe an outstanding boss in the future(a) paragraphs. One of the most important qualities of the best boss is leadership qualities. He/she can lead aggroup manoeuvre to right way, so he/she must organize the member of team and divide the work on them depending on their skills. A good boss must be responsible of every tone and detail of the working process. And all this stuff can help to increase the productivity of the company. Other important feature of a perfect boss is patience.A boss has to be more patient for his/her employees. This quality is necessary for everyone who wants to be a good boss. Mankind is not perfect that is why it is impossible to reduce making mistakes. Because of this reason, supervisor has to be more patient in order to teach and train his/her employees the specifics of the job. In conclusion an outstanding boss it is a person who possesses many qualities. However, on the top of all qualities, a good supervisor must organize and manage all working process i.e. be leader. because he/she has to take care about people who work under his/her supervision. For me a good boss must be honest, responsible and expert in working, and have good management skills.

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (Book Report) Essay

Mark Twain is often scene of as the most cynical writer in American literature. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court is perhaps one of greatest works. In this amusing story, Twain takes an American entrepreneur from his own day and age, and thrusts him back to the age of King Arthur. The novel is therefore some how a nineteenth-century American industrialist might act if he found himself in medieval England. Mark Twain sees the industrial Age in which he lived as a rabid attempt to exploit everyone and everything. And, thats incisively what Hank Morgan, also known as the Boss, does when he gets to Camelot.Hank uses science and technology to exploit Camelot. Threatened with execution, Hank remembers that an brood is supposed to occur in the near future, and he uses this knowledge to convince King Arthur and the rest of Camelot that Hank is a stronger magician than Merlin. Once Hank gains King Arthurs trust, he is able to do whatever he wants with Camelot and its passel. Han k quickly goes about improving Camelot with industries and technologies that are common to nineteenth-century America. One of his schemes is to invent soap and making it available to all of the pot of Camelot (since the people didnt bathe as frequently in the third-century as they did in the nineteenth). Hank is appalled at how much power that the Established Church has oer the people. So he decides that the people need to be educated, which will, naturally, weaken the churchs hold.Of course, being an entrepreneur at heart, Hank cant help exactly look on Camelot as an opportunity for exploiting people with his superior knowledge. In a very unforgettable scene, Hank describes the religious devotions of many of the monks of the time as, a monk who expresses his devotion to God by bowing over and over again, all day commodious, without stopping. Rather than being impressed by the monks aflame display of faith, Hank notes the astounding amount of energy the monk puts out every day. Not to see this wasted, he hooks up a sewing machine to the monk, using his bowing motions to run the machine. In this elbow room Hank manufactures and sells garments as religious souvenirs, and tells the readerwith not a little satisfactionabout the wild success of these garments.Beyond Twains customary critiques on slavery and religion, the book alsooffers a somewhat different brand of cynicism Twains critique of science and progress. When Hank Morgan arrives in Camelot, it is a fairy-tale city that has long represented both nobility and weaknesses. Then, in his quest to improve the city, he destroys it. Everything that defines the time from the smelly, unwashed people to their superstitions and religious fervor is exploited in the name of progress. Here, then, we see Hank Morgan as an expression of Twains dislike with the value of modern progress.

An Analysis of 13 Days

Professor ONeill Atlantic grounds II April 16th 2010 Characterizing the head start World War as an epidemic of miscalculation, Pre rampnt John F. Kennedy pondered, they somehow seemed to tumble into war by means of stupidity, respective(prenominal) idiosyncrasies, misunderstandings, and personal complexes of inferiority and grandeur (49). Reflecting upon these miscalculations, Robert F. Kennedys thirteen Days documents the Cuban Missile Crisis and catalogues the chairpersons contemplative action amidst potential disaster.Considering the misjudgment that drove conflict in the early twentieth century, and the socio-technological figure tip of war, President Kennedy found remedy in the maintenance of decipherable channels of external communication, while regarding the multinational domino effect of each action, and exhibiting constant skepticism in pursuit of a peaceful resolution. German sociologist Max Weber wrote of the Great War, this war, with each(prenominal) its ghastl iness, is nevertheless grand and wonderful. It is worth experiencing (EP 768).Embellishing the heroism of warfare, Weber reflects a common acceptance of war in the early twentieth century as one of gambol and necessity. However, with the development of nuclear accouterments came a paradigm shift concerning war and its role amid international powers. Ack outrightledging the iconoclastic potential of nuclear warfare, Kennedy adamantly stated, We were not going to misjudge or challenge the other side needlessly, or precipitously push our adversaries into a course of action that was not intended (75).Using historical fountain as his guide, President Kennedy acts upon the belief that war is rarely intentional, while also recognizing the evolving dynamic of war as one of an arms struggle. The application of this lesson exists in Kennedys resolution to utilize quarantine as debate to armed conflict at the Soviets Unions initial threat. Foreign ships given orders to retreat would be af forded such an opportunity, any vessel refusing to stop would have its rudders disabled to avoid loss of life, and ships not belong to the Soviet Union were the irst and only to be boarded, as to not incite a soldiers response. execution of instrument such action demonstrates the Presidents clear understanding of past misjudgment, and the paradigm shift that now characterized war as something not of sport, however of mass destruction. Robert Kennedy reaffirms such in declaring, If we erred, we erred not only for ourselves and our country, save for the lives of those who had never been given an opportunity to play a role (81). This statement epitomizes the overwhelming burden of nuclear war, and the cognizance necessary to avoid it.Vital to the avoidance of miscalculation and the development of a mutual understanding were open channels of communication during the Cuban Crisis. President Kennedy recognized the importance of consistent communication to evade spontaneous action, and promote logically sound decision-making. Such an example exists in Robert Kennedys long dozen Days in which Soviet Chairman Khrushchev and President Kennedy exchange messages outlining the guidelines towards peaceful resolution. We must not succumb to petty passions, or to transient things, but should realize that if indeed war should break out, then it would not be in our power to stop it, for such is the logic of war (66). Stated by Khrushchev in pursuit of mutual amity, such communication demonstrates the importance of clarity and transparency under desperate circumstances. This quotation further exhibits fruition of the warped nature of warfare, and ac companionships historys wrongdoings that provoked destruction.President Kennedy concluded deliberations in stating, the effect of such a settlement on easing world tensions would enable us to work towards a more full general arrangement the linked States is very much interested in reducing tensions and halting the arms g o (79). The clear and concise nature of this exchange lends praise to the diplomatic nature of Kennedys tactics, providing both the United States and Soviet Union with the opportunity to ultimately avoid nuclear holocaust. The snowball effect exhibited through the First World War demonstrates the danger of tumbling into conflict through allied obligation and diplomatic stupidity.President Kennedys ability to tactfully neutralize the Cuban Crisis demonstrates an awareness of that danger, and an appreciation for the international domino effect that warfare would generate between nations. Strongly stated by Robert Kennedy, we had to be aware of this responsibility at all times, aware that we were deciding for the United States, the Soviet Union, NATO, and for all of mankind (75). Such concern for the ball-shaped kick of warfare can be observed in President Kennedys constant scrutiny of military recommendations and their effect upon the entire western hemisphere.Seeking alternative so lutions to war as well as the approval of global powers, Robert Kennedy further states, we were able to establish a firm legal foundation for our action under the OAS charter, and our redact around the world was unanimously supported for a quarantine (40). This diplomatic strategy, founded upon the support of strong European and American allies, aided the United States in considering the implications of all possible courses of action as to ensure a promise of peace for themselves and the global community.A final strategy, central to the diplomatic triumph of the Cuban Missile Crisis, refers to the giving medication and success of Kennedys executive Committee of the National Security Council. While each proposed solution held inherent weaknesses, this committee would allow for constant deliberation, argument, and debate. The ability to scrutinize each proposal reinforced a well-founded decision-making process, thereby hanging the risk of the impulsive miscalculation or misjudgm ent that had prompted war only decades earlier.Embodying the significance of the Executive Committee, Robert Kennedy declares, everyone had an equal opportunity to express himself and to be heard directly. It was a tremendously advantageous procedure that does not frequently occur within the executive branch (36). Furthermore, President Kennedy is reported to have gone through considerable lengths to ensure that he was not insulated from individuals or points of view because of rank or position (89).While such an arrangement seems idealistic, President Kennedys recognition of all available viewpoints provided an extremely broad base of knowledge upon which to draw conclusions. It was this open-minded and reasonable approach that was heavily lacking prior to the Great Wars of the early twentieth century, thereby leading to global disasters that may have been averted under more logical circumstances. The measures taken by President Kennedy, as presented through Robert Kennedys Thirtee n Days, lend overwhelming praise to his diplomatic triumph during the Cuban Missile Crisis.His success is reported as being founded upon the miscalculations of history, and a correction of those past errors in pursuit of peaceful relations. However, the idealistic manner in which the Presidents actions are portrayed suggest of both brotherly admiration and posthumous praise. Such a utopian presentation only serves to diminish President Kennedys heroic role amidst the crisis, and leads the reader to question how pivotal his leadership actually was. A personal memoir of Robert F. Kennedy, Thirteen Days must be read with a grain of flavour to properly assess its validity as a historical record.While the President certainly acknowledged the socio-technological paradigm shift of modern warfare in addition to the stupidity from which the First World War emerged, Thirteen Days most obviously dismisses crucial events preceding the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Bay of Pigs Invasion, an unsucce ssful try by American-trained Cuban refugees to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro, completely contradicts President Kennedys supposed cognizance of the dangers of nuclear war and impulsive military action.The failed invasion, initiated only three months after President Kennedys inauguration, humiliated the politics and made communist nations distrustful of the United States. In addition, John F. Kennedy is consistently praised throughout his brothers memoir for welcoming the viewpoints of not just government administrators, but regular people. For example, he wanted the advice of his storage locker officers, but he also wished to hear from Tommy Thompson (89). However, not once throughout Kennedys memoir does he mention speaking to field soldiers or their names.The generic label of Tommy Thompson reduces the authors faith in such sources, and President Kennedy is even shown to mock military figures in stating, they lacked the ability to look beyond the trammel military fi eld (90). Such evidence cannot be overlooked in determining the validity of President Kennedys success, and reduces the objectivity of this historical source. However, the ultimate success of President Kennedys historical reflections and peace-seeking measures cannot be denied.While Thirteen Days nearly emits audible applause for his actions, it accurately reports the measures taken to subdue the Cuban Missile Crisis, the posture of quarantine and the importance of bargaining and communication. These actions, prompted through the establishment of the Executive Committee, resulted in the removal of nuclear arms from Cuba and the reestablishment of the global status quo. Rescuing our nation on the brink of nuclear war, the reader has no choice but to close Thirteen Days with a deeper admiration for the courage and wisdom of President Kennedy.

Drop Out Risk Factors in High School Students

Drop forbidden risk of infection factors in proud trail students Tyrone Galimore P atomic number 18nt, Child, and educate Psychology 133A-AMEA Professor Melissa Harwin Tyrone Galimore Parent, Child, and School PSY 133A-MEA Professor Melissa Harwin Fall semester 2012 10/11/2011 accounting entry The purpose of this Life Arts Project (L. A. P. )was to review the benefits of family involvement for children. For the purpose of this L. A. P. I am deprivation to summarize some of the expectations that families and teachers drop of each early(a), and what potential benefits of family involvement have on at risk utmost naturalise drop place students.Some of the questions I am attempting to address are why are Afri puke American and Latino students dropping tabu of elevated school at an astounding set pop out? Is there both difference when students get greater management from advocate- counselors, and smaller class room sizes? And what are the expectations that families and t eacher have on each other? In this Life arts project I foc employ on the impact of families and teachers involvement in richly school drop outs. Literature ReviewWhat initiatives are in key to prevent high school students from dropping out of school? Researcher has build that three out of ten Latino students dropout of high school, and one out of five African American students has also dropout out of high school. Understanding and addressing the issues surrounding students who drop out of high school is a continuous cite and pressing issues in school districts around the country. Over the past 20 years, the high school dropout rate has declined. (Center for Labor Market Studies, 2009 Cited in Featherston, B.Carl, 2010) Some of the enquiry has been done through qualitative methods, while other research was conducted using questionnaires and more quantitative methods. High school drop out rate has decreased from 14. 1 in 1980 to 8. 0 in 2008 (US surgical incision of Education, 20 10) for example, this is the case for African American and Latino students. The tot up of African American students dropping out of school between the age of 16-24 also decreased from 19. 1 percent rate from 1980 to a 9. 0 in 2008, and decreased have also been demonstrated by Latino students, 35. percent rate in 1980 to a 18. 2 in 2008, (US Department of Education, 2010) These alarming high school dropout rates have pushed researchers and practitioners alike to distinguish the contributing factors causing students to drop out of high school. (Featherston 2010) Reflective Analysis When I was a high school student, I myself ( macrocosm of African American descent) was an at risk student on the verge of dropping out of school. If not for my Micro system validate team, Micro system- A concept associated with Bronfenbrenners ecological theory.The micro system includes social systems closest to childs daily life, such as the schoolroom teacher and home. (Coleman 2013), I might have no t succeeded in obtaining a high school sheepskin. Understanding and addressing issues surrounding students who drop out of high school is a continuous concern and pressing issue in districts around the country. Over the past 20 years, the high school dropout rate has declined, but African Americans and Latinos still have the highest dropout rates in the country. (Center for travail Market Studies, 2009)Contributing Factors Many of us are concerned with the fact that there are little railway line in our economy today, despite the fact that unemployment is at an all time high todays young race are having a difficult time dressing jobs. The competition is rough, and for young people with out high school diplomas are even rougher. Why do students drop out of high schools? Here are some contributing factors, and preventive method addressing academic achievement. Many issues surrounding the decisiveness to dropping out of school stems beyond the students immediate grasp.Among these factors are academic achievement, socio economic status, and student expression. pupil engagement is facilitated by all of these factors and gives a clear view as into why students drop out of high school. (Featherston, 2010) Another contributing factor was that my family was a vulnerable family. In this course we learned that unsafe Families are families, who, because of their life circumstances, experience financial, emotional, and physical stress that can impair their functioning and well- cosmos.The two examples used in our course books were, homeless families and working-poor families. At times we where both, along with no money to pay bills, we would find our self moving from home to home. Sometimes living with extended family shares (by the way, you ever heard of the saying theirs no place like home) well that saying is absolutely true So without adding the details, you could clearly see why I had to grow up so fast at an early age, and man up, which leadd to my failing grades. unmatched of the major causes of students dropping out of high school is the accumulation of failing marks. Studies show that academic chastisement has the greatest impact on a students decision to drop out of school (Suh, Suh, 2007) In my experience as a teacher assistant, at the alternative high school, for the City of in the raw Rochelles Board of Education, I have seen many students dropout of school. If fact academic achievement is one of the orchestrate reason students dropout at the institution I am affiliated with.In my opinion, student demeanour is affiliated with poor academic behavior, which I think is a result for students being put out of school, or dropping out of school. To illustrate, when I was in high school, I failed to do homework, or take notes in class, obviously I was lost when it came to the course martial. I said to myself, whats the point of flood tide to class if I dont understand the class work. I could blame my nurtures for not staying u nneurotic for the benefit of their children, but my parents broke up a long time ago, and I was the man of the house, being the oldest of three siblings.I toke this accountability on, all by myself, and my mother who work long days, long nights, and occasionally on the weekend would be a weekend drunk, had vary little input when it came to making sure we went to school etc.. Shared factors associated with academic failure were the limited educational enrichment resources. (Suh, Suh, 2007) Being the oldest of three siblings meant I had to share the responsibility with my mom, on hold offing the family together. This meant getting my two younger rother up and ready for school each day, washup and feeding them, etc.. Being the oldest meant, at an early age, I understood close to the financial responsibilities that my mom was having a difficult time with. I learned how to be a man from men in my lodge (tie a tie, work for your money, etc.. ), and I understood only money could help my mom in her situation. So I began to look in my community for ways I could get money to help the family progress, and be healthy. As a youth I had plenty of jobs, which consisted of working long hour at night and on the weekend.This definitely had an impact on my academic achievements, which resulted in me getting bad grades. Certainly I fell so far behind, that I felt, I was stupid. So I did everything under the sun (bullying, sharp class, not coming to school for academics, but showing up for football practice) to divert attention away from my academics issues. I already had a plan, if I was ever confronted with the fact that I was a troublemaker, I would quiet, and I just lacked a reason. Benefit of family involvementThere is limited amount of research on the benefits of family involvement for families themselves. Nevertheless, Coleman has reasonably hypothesize at to the lowest degree five benefits that should result when teachers and families collaborate to accolade each others expectations and share responsibility for educating, socializing, and protecting children. (Coleman 2013), Parents knowledge of child development, schools sometime publish flyers to educate families more or less the physical, mental, and social readiness skills. Coleman 2013), Example, family participation practice can boost parents knowledge of child development and in turn, provide them with better insight into their childrens classroom performance. Parenting skills, teachers support childrens development and education not only in the classroom but also by responding to parents questions and concerns about their childrens behavior. (Coleman 2013), example, parents sometimes carry for help in addressing what they perceive to be unusual childhood behavior or a behavior that is out of character for their child.Parents may also ask for help in to such requests benefits children and families in the piddling and long term (knopf & Swick, 2008 cited in Coleman 2013). Parents S elf-Confidence as Advocated for their Children, to form a truly collaborative family-teacher partnership, parents need the self-confidence to advocate for their childrens education and general welfare (Hoover-Dempsey, Bassler,& Brissie, 1992 Hoover- Dempsey & Sander, 1995, 1997, cited in Coleman 2013) Colman states that as a teacher, you can strengthen parents self-confidence by their childrens development and education.Also teachers should remind parents of how they contribute to their childrens well being by listening to their concerns and answering their questions.. (Coleman 2013) Parents Creativity, Coleman talks about family strategies provides opportunities to keep parents engaged in their childrens learn experiences. They also stimulate parents creativity in promoting their childrens emerging skills at home and in the community.Higher educational aspirations, with support, children are able to live up to their parents academic expectation (Fan & Chen, 2001, cited in Coleman 2013) Family involvement can contribute to positive outcome and decrease at risk student behavior by increasing parents self- confidence and creativity in helping their children develop the skills and motivation needed to stay in school. Benefits of family involvement for teachers As with families, relatively little attention has been devoted to studying the benefits of families involvement for teachers.Nevertheless, Colman identifies at least five potential benefits. Understanding the ecological child, because of their training, teachers naturally tend to focus on the classroom child. Only by considering the ecological child can we truly understand how childrens classroom performance is grounded in family and community life. Reflect on this example, cultural macrosystems. One hallmark of socially fitting children in high-context cultures (e. g. African American students or Latino students) is their mastery of subtle contextual communication signals (e. g. communicative facial and hand gestures) rather than explicit verbalizations(Han & Thomas, 2010, cited in Coleman 2013) children from low- context cultures ( e. g. , United State, Western Europe, Australia) are taught to rate just the opposite. They are encouraged to be direct in their verbal communication rather than depone on subtle forms of nonverbal communication. QUESTIONNAIRE I am asking these questions in order to gather reading about what happens to students as they move through high school and make decision about what they are going to do after high school.Student at the New Rochelle Alternative High School, where I am employed, were told that their responses will be combined with those of other respondents, and the answers they give will never be identified as their own. Former students who drop out of school and participated in this questionnaire were also told that the answers they give will never be identified as their own. 1) Thinking back to yours in high school, do you remember when you f rist thought about leaving school? (Circle one) yes no 2) Here are some reasons students might use for leaving school which one applies or might apply to you.Circle which one you think applies to you. I had a job. I found a job. I dont like school. I couldnt get along with the teachers. I couldnt get along with the other students. I wanted to have a family. (FOR FEMALES ONLY) I was pregnant. I became the father/mother of a baby. I had to support my family. I was suspended too often. I did not feel safe at school. I wanted to travel. My friends had dropped out of school. I had to care for a member of my family. I was expelled from school. I felt I didnt belong at school. I couldnt keep up with my school work. I was failing school. I got married or planned to get married. I change school and didnt like my new school. I couldnt work or go to school at the same time. 3) Do you plan to get a high school diploma or GED? YESNO References Coleman, M. (2013) Empowering Fa mily Teacher Partnerships, glossary Featherston, B. Carl, (2010) Review of higher education and self learning, High School dropout measure a review of the literature, (7) 68-75 Robelen, W. Erik, (2006, November 15) Education week. Detailed Dropout Studies Guide Policy in City Schools, 26, 8-9 Suh, S. , & Suh J. (2007). venture Factors and Levels of Risk for High School Dropouts.Professional School Counseling, 10(3), 297-306. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database. US Department of Education world of Education Science. (2010). Fast Fact. In The Condition of Education 2010 (NCES 20100-028). Retrieved 11/16/2012, from http//nces. ed. gov/fastfacts/display. asp? id=16. US Department of Education. (2009). Anniversary of Title VI Marks Progress and Reminds us that Every Child has the Right to an Education. In ED. gov. Retrieved 08/20/2010, from Http//www2. ed. gov/news/pressreleases/2009/07/0701200-a. html. Wallis, Claudia (2007, May 14) Stopping the Exodus. (169) 177-179